From the Association of American Railroads (AAR) AAR Data Center. Graph and excerpts reprinted with permission.

Rail freight volumes in May 2025 tell a story of an industry navigating crosscurrents. On one side, carload traffic showed solid growth, reflecting resilience in key sectors of the domestic economy. On the other, intermodal container volumes barely eked out a gain, hinting at softening global trade and cautious consumer demand. Mixed economic signals – from cooling manufacturing output to consumers pulling back on goods purchases – underscore the uncertainty facing railroads. Recent data on factory activity, consumer spending, and housing all paint a cautionary picture for the coming months, even as the labor market remains a relative bright spot.

Total U.S. rail carloads rose 5.9% in May 2025 compared with a year ago (about 50,000 extra carloads), a slight step down from April’s 6.2% growth. Year-to-date carloads through May were up 2.5% versus the same period in 2024.
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And on intermodal:

By contrast, intermodal volume (containers and trailers) barely grew, rising only 0.6% in May year over-year (around +6,200 units). This marks the 21st consecutive month of year-over-year intermodal gains, but notably it’s the weakest percentage increase of that entire streak. In fact, average weekly intermodal loadings in May (about 259,400 units) were the lowest in a year and essentially equal to the 10-year May average.

Tracking with declines in port activity and lower import volumes, rail traffic saw its first non-holiday intermodal declines since September 2023 to end the month with volumes falling ~1.5%–1.8% compared to the same weeks a year ago. Time will tell if this two-week trend continues or if shippers and retailers are becoming more cautious,

Today, in the Calculated Risk Real Estate Newsletter: 1st Look at Local Housing Markets in May

A brief excerpt:

Tracking local data gives an early look at what happened the previous month and also reveals regional differences in both sales and inventory.

Closed sales in May were mostly for contracts signed in March and April, and mortgage rates, according to the Freddie Mac PMMS, averaged 6.65% in March and 6.73% in April. This was a decrease from the average rate for homes that closed in April.

NOTE: The tables for active listings, new listings and closed sales all include a comparison to May 2019 for each local market (some 2019 data is not available).
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In May, sales in these early reporting markets were down 5.5% YoY. Last month, in April, these same markets were down 0.3% year-over-year Not Seasonally Adjusted (NSA).

Important: There were fewer working days in May 2025 (21) as in May 2024 (22). So, the year-over-year change in the headline SA data will be higher than for the NSA data.

Note that most of these early reporting markets have shown stronger year-over-year sales than most other markets for the last several months.
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This was just several early reporting markets. Many more local markets to come!

There is much more in the article.

From BofA:

Since our last weekly publication, our 2Q GDP tracking is up to 2.7% q/q saar from 1.8% q/q saar and 1Q GDP is up two-tenths to 0.0% q/q saar. [June 6th estimate]
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From Goldman:

The details of the trade balance report indicated that April exports were stronger than our previous GDP tracking assumptions. We boosted our Q2 GDP tracking estimate by 0.4pp to +3.7% (quarter-over-quarter annualized) and left our Q2 domestic final sales estimate unchanged at -0.5%. [June 5th estimate]

And from the Atlanta Fed: GDPNow

The GDPNow model estimate for real GDP growth (seasonally adjusted annual rate) in the second quarter of 2025 is 3.8 percent on June 5, down from 4.6 percent on June 2. After recent releases from the US Census Bureau, the US Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Institute for Supply Management, the nowcasts of second-quarter real personal consumption expenditures growth and real gross private domestic investment growth decreased from 4.0 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively, to 2.6 percent and -2.2 percent, while the nowcast of the contribution of net exports to annualized second-quarter real GDP growth increased from 1.36 percentage points to 2.01 percentage points. [June 5th estimate]

From Manheim Consulting today: Wholesale Used-Vehicle Prices Increased in April

Wholesale used-vehicle prices (on a mix, mileage, and seasonally adjusted basis) were lower in May compared to April. The Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index (MUVVI) declined to 205.2, representing a 4% increase from the same time last year and a 1.4% decline from April levels. The seasonal adjustment slightly lowered the decline seen in the month, as non-seasonally adjusted values fell more than usual following the strong increase in April related to the tariff announcement. The non-adjusted price in May decreased by 1.5% compared to April, resulting in an unadjusted average price that was 4% higher year over year.
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Click on graph for larger image.

This index from Manheim Consulting is based on all completed sales transactions at Manheim’s U.S. auctions.

The Manheim index suggests used car prices decreased in May (seasonally adjusted) and were up 4% YoY.

The headline jobs number in the May employment report was slightly above expectations, however, March and April payrolls were revised down by 95,000 combined.   The participation rate and the employment population ratio decreased, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.2%.
Earlier: May Employment Report: 139 thousand Jobs, 4.2% Unemployment Rate
Prime (25 to 54 Years Old) Participation

Since the overall participation rate is impacted by both cyclical (recession) and demographic (aging population, younger people staying in school) reasons, here is the employment-population ratio for the key working age group: 25 to 54 years old.

The 25 to 54 years old participation rate decreased in May to 83.4% from 83.6% in April.
The 25 to 54 employment population ratio decreased to 80.5% from 80.7% the previous month.
Both are down slightly from the recent peaks, but still near the highest level this millennium.

Average Hourly Wages

The graph shows the nominal year-over-year change in "Average Hourly Earnings" for all private employees from the Current Employment Statistics (CES).  
There was a huge increase at the beginning of the pandemic as lower paid employees were let go, and then the pandemic related spike reversed a year later.

Wage growth has trended down after peaking at 5.9% YoY in March 2022 and was at 3.9% YoY in May.   
Part Time for Economic Reasons

From the BLS report:

"The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.6 million, changed little in May. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs."

The number of persons working part time for economic reasons decreased in May to 4.62 million from 4.69 million in April.  This is above the pre-pandemic levels.

These workers are included in the alternate measure of labor underutilization (U-6) that was unchanged at 7.8% from 7.8% in the previous month. This is down from the record high in April 2020 of 22.9% and up from the lowest level on record (seasonally adjusted) in December 2022 (6.6%). (This series started in 1994). This measure is above the 7.0% level in February 2020 (pre-pandemic).

Unemployed over 26 Weeks

This graph shows the number of workers unemployed for 27 weeks or more.

According to the BLS, there are 1.46 million workers who have been unemployed for more than 26 weeks and still want a job, down from 1.67 million the previous month.
This is down from post-pandemic high of 4.171 million, and up from the recent low of 1.056 million.

This is above pre-pandemic levels.

Job Streak

Through May 2025, the employment report indicated positive job growth for 53 consecutive months, putting the current streak in 2nd place of the longest job streaks in US history (since 1939).  
Headline Jobs, Top 10 Streaks Year EndedStreak, Months 12020113 2Current, N/A531 3199048 4200746 5197945 6 tie194333 6 tie198633 6 tie200033 9196729 10199525 1Currrent Streak
Summary:

The headline jobs number in the May employment report was above expectations, however, March and April payrolls were revised down by 95,000 combined.   The participation rate and employment population ratio increased, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.2%.
This was a solid employment report; however, we've seen significant downward revisions of previous reports for several months in a row.  
The March report revised down the previous two months by 48,000, the April report had 58,000 in downward revisions, and the May report (today) had 95,000 in downward revisions.

From the BLS: Employment Situation

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 139,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to trend up in health care, leisure and hospitality, and social assistance. Federal government continued to lose jobs.
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The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down by 65,000, from +185,000 to +120,000, and the change for April was revised down by 30,000, from +177,000 to +147,000. With these revisions, employment in March and April combined is 95,000 lower than previously reported.
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Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows the jobs added per month since January 2021.

Total payrolls increased by 139 thousand in May.  Private payrolls increased by 140 thousand, and public payrolls decreased 1 thousand (Federal payrolls decreased 22 thousand).

Payrolls for March and April were revised down by 95 thousand, combined.
The second graph shows the year-over-year change in total non-farm employment since 1968.

In May, the year-over-year change was 1.73 million jobs.  Employment was up solidly year-over-year.

The third graph shows the employment population ratio and the participation rate.

The Labor Force Participation Rate decreased to 62.4% in May, from 62.6% in April. This is the percentage of the working age population in the labor force.

The Employment-Population ratio decreased to 59.7% from 60.0% in April (blue line).
I'll post the 25 to 54 age group employment-population ratio graph later.

The fourth graph shows the unemployment rate.

The unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.2% in May from 4.2% in April.

This was slightly above consensus expectations; however, March and April payrolls were revised down by 95,000 combined.  
I'll have more later ...